The Leaning Tower Of Pissa

THE ARCHITECT

There have been controversy about the architect of Leaning Tower
For many years, design was attribute by Guglielmo and Bonnano Pisano.
However, recent studies seems to indicate Diotisalvi as the original architect due to the time of construction and affinity of other Diotisalvi works (Bell Tower Of San Nicola and Baptistery in Pisa). Diotisalvi always sign his work but there is no sign of him in the Leaning Tower .

THE ARCHITECT OF THIS BELL TOWER IS STILL MISTERIOUS .
BONANNO PISANO
• Active in 1170s to 1180s
• Was an Italian Sculptor (Byzantine and Classical Element)
• Born in Pisa, worked there most of his life
• 1180s, he went to Monreale in Sicily, to finish the doors of the cathedral before returning to Pisa
• He died in Pisa
• Buried at the foot of Leaning Tower
• 1820s, his sarcophagus was found at the foot of the tower.

DIOTISALVI
• Architect from Pisa, Italy
• Worked on a second half of 12 century in Pisa
• Original architect of Baptistry Of Pisa, in Piazza Dei Miracolli
• He was a fabricator in 1113 and magister on 1153



Location : Pisa, Italy
Behind the cathedral. 3rd structure in Pisa Campo Dei Miracoli
(field of miracles)

Time : 1073 – 1350

Building Type : Church complex, tower

Climate : Mediterranean

Style : Romanesque



CONSTRUCTION
• Cultural icon that symbolize the human ability to sometimes almost defy nature.
• This tower lean by accident, not by design.
– The tower began leaning to southeast soon after the construction in 1173 due to poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has allowed the foundation to shift.
• Was work of art

Perform 3 stages over a period of about 200 years

First floor of the white marble campanile began on August 9, 1173, a period of military success and property. The 1st floor surrounded by pillars with classical capital, leaning
• 1272, construction resume under Giovani de Simone, architect of tje Camposampo

Another 4 floor were built at an angle to compensate for the tilt.

Construction was stop again in 1284, when Pisans was defeatedby Genoansin the Battle Of Melonia.

The bell chamber was not finally added until 1372. It was build by Tomasso di Andrea Pisano, who suceeded the in harmonizing the Gothic elementof the bell chamberwith the romansque style of the tower
ELEVATION OF LEANING TOWER OF PISA
• Elevation : 6 feet / 2 meter
• Height : 55.863 m / 183 ft 3 in / 8 stories
• Outer diameter of base : 15484 m (50 ft 9.6 in)
• Inner diameter of base : 7.368 m ( 24 ft 2.1 in)
• Thickness of the wall at the base : 8ft (2.4 m)
• Angle of slant : 3.97 degree / 3.9 m / 12 ft 19 in from the vertical
• Weight : 14700 metric ton
• Steps to bell tower : 296

THE BELLS
• Total number of bell : 7 , tune in music scale, clockwise
• 1st bell L’ assunta, cast in 1654, by Giovanni Pietro Orlandi, weight 3620 kg
• 2nd bell Crocifisso, cast in 1572, by Vicenzo Possenti, weight 2462 kg
• 3rd bell, San Ranieri, cast in 1719 – 1721, by Giovanni Andrea Moreni, 1448 kg,
• 4th bell, La Terza, cast in 1473, weight 300 kg (smallest)
• 5th bell, La Pasquereccia or La Giustizia, cast in 1262, by Lotteringo, weight 1014 kg
• 6th bell, Vespruccio, cast in 14th century, by Nicola Di Jacopo, weight 1000 kg
• 7th bell, Dal Pozzo, cast in 1606 again 2004, weight 652 kg
• Special : 5th bell. The name Pasqueressia comes from Easter because it use to ring on Easter. The bell is older that the chamber itself and comes from the tower Vergata in Pisa where it was called Giustizia (the Justice)